Kids， do you know who is the first reformer in a a? Do you know who is the founder of a ese laws? Do you know who laid the foundation for the unification of the entire try by the Great Qin Dynasty? He is Shang Yang.

孩子们，你们知道中国古代第一个改革家是谁吗？你们知道中国古代法律的创始人是谁吗？你知道是谁奠定了大秦统一全国的基础吗？他就是商鞅。

Shang Yang was an a ese guy who lived a long time ago. He was super smart and had lots of cool ideas about making his try better.

商鞅是一个生活在很久以前的中国古人。他非常聪明，对让国家变得更好有很多很酷的想法。

Shang Yang started w for a powerful leader called the Duke. He helped the Duke e up with new rules to make the try stronger and more anized.

商鞅开始为一位有权势的领袖——孝公工作。他帮助孝公制定了新的规则，使国家更加强大和有组织。

Here are his reform measures.

以下是他的改革措施。

1. Reform and Innovation: Shang Yang was known for his groundbreaking reforms， which demonstrate the importance of innovation and the willio ge traditional systems for improvement.

1.改革和创新：商鞅以其开创性的改革而闻名，这些改革表明了创新的重要性以及改变传统制度以改进的意愿。

2. tralization of Power: He tralized power in the hands of the state， emphasizing a strong g body， which is important for establishing order and cohesion within a try.

2.权力集中：他将权力集中在国家手中，强调建立一个强大的治理机构，这对建立一个国家的秩序和凝聚力很重要。

3. Rule of Law: Shang Yang believed in strict laws to keep people in line. He came up with tough rules to punish bad guys and reward good citizens. Shang Yang believed in strifort of laws， suggesting that the law should apply to everyone equally， which is a principle of fairness and justice.

3.法治：商鞅信奉严刑峻法使人遵守规矩。他制定了严厉的规则来惩罚坏人，奖励好公民。商鞅主张严格执法，主张人人平等适用法律，这是公平正义的原则。

4. Meritocracy: He promoted the idea that people should be rewarded based on their abilities and tributions， rather than their birth or es， encing effort and talent.

4.精英政治：他提倡人们应该根据自己的能力和贡献而不是出身或关系来获得奖励，鼓励努力和天赋。

5. Agricultural Development: He emphasized the importance of agriculture for state stability ah， which reminds us of the value of hard work. Shang Yang thought that giving land to hardw farmers would make the try richer. So he made big ges to how land was owned and farmed.

5.农业发展：他强调农业对国家稳定和财富的重要性，这让我们想起了辛勤工作的价值。商鞅认为，把土地给辛勤工作的农民会使国家更富有。因此，他对土地的所有权和耕种方式进行了重大变革。

6. Military Prowess: His policies included rewarding military achievements， reizing the significe of a strong defense and disciplined army for a nation's security.

6.军事事业：他的政策包括奖励军事成就，承认强大的国防和纪律严明的军队对国家安全的重要性。

7. Infrastructure Improvements: Shang Yang is known for fog on developing infrastructure， refleg the importance of planning and building for societal progress.

7.基础设施改善：商鞅以专注于发展基础设施而闻名，这反映了规划和建设对社会进步的重要性。

8. Enciing: He enced citizens to report legal violations， highlighting the role of active citizen participation in upholding laws and order.

8.鼓励举报：他鼓励公民举报违法行为，强调公民积极参与维护法律和秩序的作用。

9. Punishing Corruption: His reforms punished corruption severely， showg the o maintain iy and atability within governance.